Back-to-School Language Workshop

Nouns

1. 100 Which part of speech represents a concrete or abstract thing? Response: noun In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, events, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. Source: Wikipedia, “Noun”
2. 200 What sentence role can a noun fill when it names what the clause is about? Response: subject A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence. Source: Wikipedia, “Noun”
3. 300 Which contrasting role can a noun fill within a phrase, clause, or sentence? Response: object A noun may serve as an object or subject within a phrase, clause, or sentence. Source: Wikipedia, “Noun”
4. 400 Linguists call a part of speech by what other name? Response: lexical category In linguistics, nouns constitute a lexical category (part of speech) defined according to how its members combine with members of other lexical categories. Source: Wikipedia, “Noun”
5. 500 Which three kinds of words often go with an English noun? Response: determiners, articles, and attributive adjectives In English, prototypical nouns are common nouns or proper nouns that can occur with determiners, articles and attributive adjectives, and can function as the head of a noun phrase. Source: Wikipedia, “Noun”

Verbs

1. 100 Which kind of word generally conveys an action, occurrence, or state? Response: verb A verb is a word that generally conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand). Source: Wikipedia, “Verb”
2. 200 Which grammatical category places an action in time? Response: tense In many languages, verbs are inflected (modified in form) to encode tense, aspect, mood, and voice. Source: Wikipedia, “Verb”
3. 300 Which category can distinguish an ongoing action from a completed one? Response: aspect In many languages, verbs are inflected (modified in form) to encode tense, aspect, mood, and voice. Source: Wikipedia, “Verb”
4. 400 Which verb category can express attitudes such as command or possibility? Response: mood In many languages, verbs are inflected (modified in form) to encode tense, aspect, mood, and voice. Source: Wikipedia, “Verb”
5. 500 Changing The class solved it to It was solved by the class changes the verb's what? Response: voice In many languages, verbs are inflected (modified in form) to encode tense, aspect, mood, and voice. Source: Wikipedia, “Verb”

Sentences

1. 100 What linguistic expression can communicate a complete thought? Response: sentence In linguistics and grammar, a sentence is a linguistic expression, such as the English example "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog" (a pangram). Source: Wikipedia, “Sentence (linguistics)”
2. 200 Which two traditional parts form a sentence unit? Response: subject and predicate In traditional grammar, it is typically defined as a string of words that expresses a thought, or as a unit consisting of a subject and predicate. Source: Wikipedia, “Sentence (linguistics)”
3. 300 How does traditional grammar define a sentence? Response: a string of words that expresses a thought In traditional grammar, it is typically defined as a string of words that expresses a thought, or as a unit consisting of a subject and predicate. Source: Wikipedia, “Sentence (linguistics)”
4. 400 Which three punctuation marks can end a written sentence? Response: periods, question marks, and exclamation marks In functional linguistics, it is defined as a unit of written texts delimited by graphological features such as upper-case letters and markers such as periods, question marks, and exclamation marks. Source: Wikipedia, “Sentence (linguistics)”
5. 500 In linguistics, a sentence is often defined as the largest unit of what kind of structure? Response: syntactic structure In non-functional linguistics it is typically defined as a maximal unit of syntactic structure such as a constituent. Source: Wikipedia, “Sentence (linguistics)”

Metaphors

1. 100 Which figure of speech refers to one thing by mentioning another? Response: metaphor A metaphor is a figure of speech that, for literary effect, refers to one thing by mentioning another. Source: Wikipedia, “Metaphor”
2. 200 Under which broad language type are metaphors grouped with hyperbole and metonymy? Response: figurative language Scholars group metaphors with other types of figurative language, such as hyperbole and metonymy. Source: Wikipedia, “Metaphor”
3. 300 Which comparison, unlike a metaphor, says one thing is like another? Response: simile Metaphors are most similar to similes, except in metaphor the comparison is implied or assumed whereas the extra wording of a simile makes the comparison more obvious or explicit. Source: Wikipedia, “Metaphor”
4. 400 What may a comparison between normally unrelated ideas reveal? Response: hidden similarities Thus, it invites the audience to make a comparison between two normally unrelated entities or ideas, which may provide clarity or identify hidden similarities between them. Source: Wikipedia, “Metaphor”
5. 500 A metaphor usually aims to create a likeness or what? Response: analogy Metaphors are usually meant to create a likeness or an analogy. Source: Wikipedia, “Metaphor”

Inference

1. 100 What step in logical reasoning moves from premises to consequences? Response: inference Inferences are steps in logical reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences. Source: Wikipedia, “Inference”
2. 200 What starting statements are used before logical consequences are reached? Response: premises Inferences are steps in logical reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences. Source: Wikipedia, “Inference”
3. 300 Inference is a step in which broader thinking process? Response: logical reasoning Inferences are steps in logical reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences. Source: Wikipedia, “Inference”
4. 400 Which type of inference moves from particular evidence to a universal conclusion? Response: induction Induction is inference from particular evidence to a universal conclusion. Source: Wikipedia, “Inference”
5. 500 Abductive reasoning seeks the most likely account without claiming certainty. What is it looking for? Response: best explanation Abduction seeks neither logical certainty nor a universal conclusion but a "best explanation" based on likelihood given the evidence. Source: Wikipedia, “Inference”

Final round: Reading Between Lines

This step in reasoning moves from premises to a logical consequence. Response: inference Inferences are steps in logical reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences. Source: Wikipedia, “Inference”