Language Arts Review

Parts of Speech

1. 100 A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea Response: A noun In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, like living creatures, places, actions, events, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. Source: Wikipedia, “Noun”
2. 200 A word that shows an action or state of being Response: A verb A verb is a word that generally conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand). Source: Wikipedia, “Verb”
3. 300 A word that describes a noun Response: An adjective An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun. Source: Simple English Wikipedia, “Adjective”
4. 400 A word that often describes how an action happens Response: An adverb An adverb is a word or an expression that generally modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a determiner, a clause, a preposition, or a sentence. Source: Wikipedia, “Adverb”
5. 500 A word used in place of a noun, such as she or they Response: A pronoun Pronouns are often used to take the place of a noun, to avoid repeating the noun. Source: Simple English Wikipedia, “Pronoun”

Vocabulary

1. 100 A word with the same or nearly the same meaning as another Response: A synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that has a similar or identical meaning to another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. Source: Wikipedia, “Synonym”
2. 200 A word with the opposite meaning of another Response: An antonym An antonym is one of a pair of words with opposite meanings. Source: Wikipedia, “Opposite”
3. 300 The meaning of a word found by using nearby words and sentences Response: Context clues When a reader encounters an unknown word or phrase in a text, context clues are anything in the text that helps them understand or guess the meaning of it. Source: Wikipedia, “Clue (information)”
4. 400 A word part added to the beginning of a word Response: A prefix Adding a prefix to the beginning of an English word changes it to a different word. Source: Wikipedia, “Prefix”
5. 500 A book or resource that lists words and their meanings Response: A dictionary A dictionary is a type of book which explains the meanings of words or, more precisely, lexemes. Source: Simple English Wikipedia, “Dictionary”

Reading

1. 100 The person or voice telling a story Response: The narrator Narration is conveyed by a narrator: a specific person, or unspecified literary voice, developed by the creator of the story to deliver information to the audience, particularly about the plot: the series of events. Source: Wikipedia, “Narration”
2. 200 The time and place in which a story happens Response: The setting A setting (or backdrop) is the time and geographic location within a narrative, either non-fiction or fiction. Source: Wikipedia, “Setting (narrative)”
3. 300 The main problem in a story Response: The conflict Conflict is a major element of narrative or dramatic structure in literature, particularly European and European diaspora literature starting in the 20th century, that adds a goal and opposing forces to add uncertainty as to whether the goal will be achieved. Source: Wikipedia, “Conflict (narrative)”
4. 400 The central message or lesson in a text Response: The theme Themes are ideas that are central to a story, which can often be summed in a single abstract noun (for example, love, death, betrayal, nostalgia, or parenthood) or noun phrase (for example, coming of age, humans in conflict with technology, seeking spirituality in the modern era, or the dangers of unchecked ambition). Source: Wikipedia, “Theme (narrative)”
5. 500 A conclusion based on evidence and reasoning Response: An inference Inferences are steps in logical reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences. Source: Wikipedia, “Inference”

Punctuation

1. 100 The mark used to show possession in the phrase Mia's book Response: An apostrophe The apostrophe is used in English to indicate what is, for historical reasons, misleadingly called the possessive case in the English language. Source: Wikipedia, “Apostrophe”
2. 200 The mark that can join two closely related complete sentences Response: A semicolon In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. Source: Wikipedia, “Semicolon”
3. 300 The punctuation marks placed around a speaker's exact words Response: Quotation marks Quotation marks are punctuation marks used in pairs in various writing systems to identify direct speech, a quotation, or a phrase. Source: Wikipedia, “Quotation mark”
4. 400 The mark used after a strong exclamation Response: An exclamation mark A sentence ending in an exclamation mark may represent an exclamation (such as "Wow!"), interjection ("Boo!"), imperative ("Stop!"), or astonishment or surprise: ("They were the footprints of a gigantic hound!"). Source: Wikipedia, “Exclamation mark”
5. 500 The mark often used to separate items in a list Response: A comma The comma is used in many contexts and languages, mainly to separate parts of a sentence such as clauses, and items in lists mainly when there are three or more items listed. Source: Wikipedia, “Comma”

Figurative Language

1. 100 A comparison using like or as Response: A simile Similes compare two things explicitly, in English often using the words "like" or "as", whereas metaphors often create an implicit comparison (i.e., saying something "is" something else). Source: Wikipedia, “Simile”
2. 200 A direct comparison that says one thing is another Response: A metaphor A metaphor asserts the objects in the comparison are identical on the point of comparison, while a simile merely asserts a similarity through use of words such as like or as. Source: Wikipedia, “Metaphor”
3. 300 Giving human qualities to something nonhuman Response: Personification Personification is the representation of any thing, being, or abstraction as a person or with person-like qualities. Source: Wikipedia, “Personification”
4. 400 An intentional exaggeration not meant literally Response: Hyperbole Rhetorical hyperbole is defined as "extravagant exaggeration employed for rhetorical effect" for First Amendment purposes. Source: Wikipedia, “Hyperbole”
5. 500 A word that imitates a sound, such as hiss Response: Onomatopoeia Onomatopoeia is a type of word, or the process of creating a word, that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests a sound that it refers to. Source: Wikipedia, “Onomatopoeia”

Final round: Story Structure

This part of a story shows how the main conflict is settled. Response: The resolution Conflicts are resolved, creating normality for the characters and a sense of catharsis, or release of tension and anxiety, for the reader. Source: Wikipedia, “Plot (narrative)”